Answer :
Final answer:
The type of runway that provides both horizontal and vertical guidance for instrument approaches is the Precision Approach Runway.So,the correct answer is option 1.
Explanation:
The question asks which type of runway provides pilots with both horizontal and vertical guidance for instrument approaches. This is crucial for understanding how airfields are categorized based on the technology available to aid pilots during the landing phase, especially in poor visibility conditions. There are various types of runways, each designed to suit different navigational needs.
Precision Approach Runways are designed for this exact purpose. They are equipped with Instrument Landing Systems (ILS) or other types of precision approach systems like GLS (GNSS Landing System), which offer both horizontal and vertical guidance to aircraft. This technology is critical in ensuring that planes can land safely by following a specific path to the runway, even when pilots can't see the ground until the very last moments before landing. By contrast, Non-precision Approach Runways only provide horizontal guidance, Visual Runways rely on the pilot's ability to see the runway, and Helicopter Runways are specifically designed for helicopters, not fixed-wing aircraft.
Thus, the correct option is 1) Precision Approach Runway. These runways are essential for airports that operate in all weather conditions, allowing aircraft to land when visual approaches are not safe or possible due to weather conditions. Precision approaches are a cornerstone of modern aviation safety, reducing the risk during the critical phases of flight, especially landing.
