Answer :
Taxonomies offer an organizational heuristic that is hierarchical and useful for classifying information systematically, reflecting cognitive structures and understanding of the world.
Option 3 is correct
The system of classification offering a useful organizational heuristic is taxonomies. Taxonomies are hierarchical systems that are comprised of a nested series of categories or ranks, similar to a computer filing system. Each level in the hierarchy is more inclusive than the one below it, organizing information in a way that uncovers more related information as one investigates further up the system. This structure is not only useful for organizing information but also reflects the way people think and understand the structure of the world.
One of the most notable applications of taxonomy in biology is in the hierarchical classification of organisms, an approach pioneered by Carl Linnaeus. Organisms are classified based on similarities and differences, each having a unique place in the hierarchy. While Linnaeus's model was based on observation without a comprehensive theory to explain the observed patterns, modern taxonomy often incorporates evolutionary relationships, such as cladism. A model within a taxonomy can predict outcomes, enable refinements, or lead to the development of new models based on empirical validation.
