Answer :
Final answer:
The correct answer is option c. The practice developed by Mao Zedong for self-improvement that became a tool for shaming and violence during the Cultural Revolution is known as self-criticism.
Explanation:
The practice developed by Mao that evolved into a ritual of shaming individuals and beating 'class enemies' is known as self-criticism. Initially intended as a method of personal and societal improvement through public self-analysis, this practice became during the Cultural Revolution. In theory, self-criticism was supposed to involve comrades helping each other improve, but in practice, it resulted in denunciation, humiliation, and violence against those deemed as class enemies or those who were seen as perpetuating capitalist ideologies. The Cultural Revolution, which lasted from 1966-1976, led to social, political, and economic disruption, including the destruction of cultural sites and significant loss of life.
