Answer :
Final answer:
Scientists determine the average winter temperature in the Arctic to be -34 degrees Celsius. This temperature is characteristic of the Arctic Tundra, a region known for its cold temperatures and low annual precipitation.
Explanation:
The average winter temperature in the Arctic as determined by scientists is -34 degrees Celsius. This extreme cold is a defining characteristic of the geographic area known as the Arctic Tundra, which lies north of the subarctic boreal forest. It's located across the Arctic regions of the northern hemisphere. These temperatures can vary somewhat depending on specific location and fluctuations in Earth’s tilt impacting solar input, but -34 degrees Celsius serves as a reliable average.
The average summer temperature in these regions varies from 3°C to 12°C, and there is a very short growing season of about 10-12 weeks for plants in the arctic tundra due to nearly 24 hours of daylight. Despite this, the annual precipitation of the Arctic tundra is quite low with a little annual variation in precipitation due to the cold temperatures preventing much evaporation.
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