Answer :
A seismic shadow zone is a region on Earth's surface where seismographs are unable to detect the seismic waves from an earthquake's epicenter.
Shadow zones are zones where seismic waves are not detected, which are classified into two categories: S-wave shadow zones and P-wave shadow zones. S-wave shadow zones are the regions on Earth's surface where S-waves are not detected. S-waves are also known as Secondary waves or Shear waves.
These waves are observed to have a velocity of approximately 3.4 km/s. S-waves do not travel through the Earth's liquid outer core, hence their shadow zones are larger than P-waves. S-waves' shadow zone ranges from 104 to 140 degrees away from the epicenter. P-wave shadow zones are the regions on Earth's surface where P-waves are not detected. P-waves are also known as Primary waves or Compression waves.
They have a velocity of approximately 6 km/s, which is twice the velocity of S-waves. P-waves are refracted at the mantle-core boundary and again at the outer core-liquid outer core boundary, which results in two shadow zones. The P-wave shadow zone ranges from 103 to 142 degrees away from the epicenter.
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Final answer:
Seismic shadow zones are areas where seismic waves are absent due to the waves' propagation characteristics through Earth’s interior. S-wave shadow zones are different from P-wave zones because S-waves, unlike P-waves, cannot travel through the liquid core of Earth, resulting in larger shadow zones. The time difference between P-wave and S-wave arrivals is used to determine the distance to an earthquake's epicenter.
Explanation:
A seismic shadow zone is an area on Earth's surface where seismic waves are undetectable. This phenomenon arises due to the variation in speed at which P-waves (pressure waves) and S-waves (shear waves) propagate through different areas of Earth's interior, and are influenced by the medium's rigidity. Moreover, the core of Earth, which is predominantly liquid, cannot support S-waves, which leads to shadow regions.
S-wave shadow zones are different from P-wave shadow zones as S-waves cannot pass through the liquid core of the Earth, leading to a larger shadow zone. On the other hand, P-waves can travel through all types of material, including both liquids and solids, which results in a more limited shadow zone.
Seismic waves from earthquakes provide useful data about Earth's interior structure. The time difference between the arrival of P-waves and S-waves at seismic stations is used to determine the distance to the earthquake's epicenter. By monitoring the seismic waves from multiple locations, scientists can construct a model of Earth's interior, identifying liquid and solid layers.
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