Answer :
Final answer:
Governor Orval Faubus of Arkansas defied a federal court order for integration of Little Rock Central High School in 1957 by using the National Guard to block entry for African American students. President Eisenhower responded with Executive Order 10730, nationalizing the Arkansas National Guard and sending federal troops to enforce the desegregation. This crisis was significant in the civil rights movement as it demonstrated federal authority over states in upholding federal laws.
Explanation:
Governor Faubus and Federal Orders
In 1957, Governor Orval Faubus of Arkansas openly defied a federal court order that mandated the integration of Little Rock's Central High School. This came after a judicial ruling that supported the admission of nine African American students, known as the 'Little Rock Nine,' into the previously all-white school. In response to the governor's actions, which included using the Arkansas National Guard to block these students' entry, President Dwight D. Eisenhower intervened by issuing Executive Order 10730, which nationalized the National Guard and dispatched the 101st Airborne Division to ensure compliance with federal law.
Faubus's initial defiance created a constitutional crisis, as it challenged the authority of federal courts. President Eisenhower explained the necessity of federal intervention, stating that it was the executive branch's responsibility to uphold the law when normal agencies were ineffective. This incident highlighted the broader struggle for civil rights in America and set a precedent for federal involvement in state matters regarding racial desegregation.
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