Answer :
Final answer:
Governor Faubus of Arkansas defied a federal court order mandating the integration of Little Rock Central High School by using the National Guard to block African American students. President Eisenhower responded by nationalizing the National Guard and sending the 101st Airborne Division to enforce the integration. This conflict underscored the tension between state and federal authority in the context of civil rights.
Explanation:
Governor Faubus and the Federal Order
In 1957, Governor Orval Faubus of Arkansas openly defied a federal court order regarding the racial integration of Little Rock Central High School. The situation escalated when Faubus deployed the Arkansas National Guard to prevent nine African American students, known as the Little Rock Nine, from entering the school. In response, President Eisenhower intervened by nationalizing the National Guard and sending in the 101st Airborne Division to protect the students and enforce the court's decision.
The federal order that Faubus defied was issued by the courts, mandating the desegregation of public schools following the landmark Brown v. Board of Education ruling. This act of defiance triggered a constitutional crisis that highlighted the federal government's authority over state actions.
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