Answer :
Final answer:
Hot spots and subduction zones at the Earth's surface provide evidence of plumes. Hot spots, such as under the Hawaiian Islands, are where heat rises from the Earth's interior. Subduction zones, where one plate is forced beneath another, show evidence of deep geological activity.
Explanation:
The features at the surface that provide evidence of plumes are hot spots (D). These hot spots are areas far from plate boundaries where heat is rising from the interior of the Earth. A good example of this is the Hawaiian Islands, which have been formed as a result of the underlying hot spot that is feeding heat to maintain volcanoes. Just as with a pot of boiling oatmeal, convective zones such as these create observable phenomena at the surface, lending clear evidence to the underlying plumes.
Via a different route, subduction zones also provide surface evidence of deep geological activity. When two plates come together, one is often forced beneath another in a subduction zone. In these zones, crust is destroyed and recycled into a downward-flowing convection current, ultimately balancing the upward flow of material from rift zones, all of which provides evidence of the processes occurring further within the Earth.
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