Answer :
Final answer:
Constructivism focuses on individuals and societies creating their own reality based on interactions with each other and shared norms. This concept applies at many levels including within societies, state identities and international relations.
Explanation:
Constructivism focuses mostly on the individual and the collective creating their own reality. This theory posits that reality is what humans cognitively construct it to be, based on interactions with others and the cultural norms they have come to understand. Societies develop shared values, practices, and beliefs, or social constructs, over time and these constructs can influence individuals and the collective perception of reality.
For example, what's defined as 'deviant' within a society is not constant but a result of these social constructs. Different societies might have constructed different meanings for deviance, associating diverse behaviors with it.
Furthermore, at the systemic level, the importance of norms and the tendency of political actors to align with these norms is emphasized. Political and social leaders might try to shape the perceptions of other actors within the system using their personal power and charm. Media also plays a critical role in constructing reality by creating and spreading symbols for a shared understanding of society.
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