Answer :
The correct answer is Option 1, 3, and 4. The physical principles behind the action of the heat sinks are Radiation, Thermal conduction, Convection.
The physical principles behind the action of heat sinks involve multiple mechanisms working together to reduce the temperature of the hot side of a Thermoelectric Cooler (TEC).
The correct answers among the given options are:
Thermal conduction: Heat sinks are designed with materials that have high thermal conductivity, such as metals like aluminum or copper.
They are in direct contact with the hot side of the TEC, allowing for efficient transfer of heat through conduction.
Convection: Heat sinks are often designed with fins or other structures that increase the surface area.
This promotes convection, where the surrounding air flows over the heat sink, carrying away heat through the process of forced or natural convection.
Radiation: Although not as significant as conduction and convection, heat sinks also emit thermal radiation.
This occurs in the form of infrared radiation, allowing for additional heat dissipation.
The remaining options, heat capacity, latent heat, and phase transformation, are not directly related to the action of heat sinks in reducing temperature.
Heat capacity refers to the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance, while latent heat and phase transformation relate to the energy absorbed or released during changes of state, such as melting or boiling.
In summary, the primary mechanisms involved in reducing the temperature of the hot side of a TEC using heat sinks are thermal conduction, convection, and radiation.
Therefore, The correct answer is Option 1, 3, and 4.
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