Answer :
Final answer:
C) Swan-neck deformity (acute RA), Boutonniere deformity (chronic RA), Bouchard's nodes (osteoarthritis), Tophi (gout)
The correct option is C.
Explanation:
1. Swan-neck deformity: This deformity is associated with acute rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It involves hyperextension of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint and flexion of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint in the fingers, giving the appearance of a swan's neck.
2. Boutonniere deformity: This deformity is seen in chronic rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It involves flexion of the PIP joint and hyperextension of the DIP joint in the fingers, resembling the appearance of a buttonhole.
3. Bouchard's nodes: These bony swellings are characteristic of osteoarthritis and typically affect the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints of the fingers. They are caused by osteophyte formation at the joints due to cartilage degeneration and are often associated with pain and stiffness.
4. Tophi: These are deposits of uric acid crystals that accumulate in the soft tissues, joints, and surrounding areas, typically seen in gout. Tophi can develop in various locations, including the hands, and appear as firm, chalky nodules under the skin.
Therefore, option C) "Swan-neck deformity (acute RA), Boutonniere deformity (chronic RA), Bouchard's nodes (osteoarthritis), Tophi (gout)" correctly matches each deformity with its associated condition.
The correct option is C.
Final answer:
C) Swan-neck deformity (acute RA), Boutonniere deformity (chronic RA), Bouchard's nodes (osteoarthritis), Tophi (gout)
Explanation:
In acute rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Swan-neck deformity is commonly observed, characterized by hyperextension of the proximal interphalangeal joint and flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint^1^. Chronic RA often leads to Boutonniere deformity, marked by flexion at the proximal interphalangeal joint and hyperextension at the distal interphalangeal joint^2^. Osteoarthritis typically manifests with Bouchard's nodes, bony enlargements at the proximal interphalangeal joints^3^. Lastly, in gout, Tophi, which are deposits of uric acid crystals, can develop in the soft tissues surrounding joints, including the hands^4^.
Overall, these deformities are key clinical manifestations of their respective conditions and play a significant role in diagnosing and managing patients. Understanding the characteristic deformities associated with each pathology aids healthcare professionals in making accurate assessments and providing appropriate treatment strategies. Identifying these deformities early on can help mitigate further joint damage and improve overall patient outcomes. Therefore, recognizing the specific deformities related to acute RA, chronic RA, osteoarthritis, and gout is crucial in the clinical evaluation of hand-related conditions.
