Answer :
The phenomenon you are referring to is known as industrial melanism, and it was demonstrated in the population of the peppered moth in Europe over a relatively short period of time.
What is industrial melanism?
Industrial melanism is a phenomenon in which the frequency of dark-colored morphs (forms) of a species increases in response to environmental stressors, such as air pollution and soot deposition, caused by industrialization. The classic example of industrial melanism is the darkening of the population of the peppered moth in England during the Industrial Revolution. Prior to the rise of industrialization, light-colored moths were common and dark-colored moths were rare.
However, as soot from factories darkened the trees and other surfaces, birds were better able to see and catch the light-colored moths, leading to increased predation pressure on this morph. As a result, the frequency of the dark-colored morph increased, and the frequency of the light-colored morph decreased. This shift in frequency is an example of natural selection, and it demonstrates how organisms can rapidly evolve in response to changes in their environment.
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