Answer :
The correct stage that describes early childhood development in children aged 1-3, where they focus on developing self-control and independence, is Erikson's 'autonomy vs. shame and doubt'. This stage emphasizes the importance of allowing toddlers to exercise autonomy to avoid feelings of shame and develop self-esteem. correct answer is b. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt.
The stage between early childhood where children focus on developing a better sense of self-control and independence, and when they feel shameful if they don't develop things on their own, is described by Erik Erikson's psychosocial crisis of autonomy vs. shame and doubt. This stage occurs in toddlers around the ages of 1-3 years. During this period, children start to learn that they can control their actions and act on their environment to get results. They show clear preferences and begin to assert their will, which is critical for their development of self-esteem and initiative later in life.
When a toddler is encouraged and supported in exercising their autonomy, they develop the willpower to restrain themselves without experiencing shame or doubt. However, if they are overly restricted or not allowed to exert some level of independence, they may begin to doubt their abilities, which could lead to feelings of shame and low self-esteem. correct answer is b. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt.
