Answer :
Final answer:
The key characteristic in an organization with a functional structure is d) departmentalization. This system enables the organization of roles, tasks, and activities into distinct units known as departments, which typically follow a hierarchical authority and have job specialization. However, departmentalization can result in reduced adaptability and flexibility.
Explanation:
The key characteristic in an organization with a functional structure is Departmentalization. Departmentalization is a system of organizing the activities, roles, and tasks within an organization into distinct units or sections known as 'departments', and this is based on functions, products, customer types, or geographical locations.
These organizational departments normally follow a Hierarchical authority, which is a clearly defined system where each employee reports to a higher-ranking individual. Each department would also typically have a degree of Job specialization, as each department focuses on a particular function or set of tasks, and employees within a department are experts in their specific areas.
Departmentalization does tend to lack in adaptability and flexibility, as the defined roles and structures can make it difficult for the organization to adapt to new situations or changes quickly. However, it allows for a streamlined approach to tasks and can increase efficiency in large organizations.
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