Answer :
Final answer:
The reorganization of sensory and motor pathways ensures that visual, auditory, somatosensory, and motor inputs are processed through specific ascending or descending tracts, and are directed to the appropriate areas of the brain for proper processing. The correct answer is a), b), c) and d).
Explanation:
The reorganized pathways that have been flipped so each field goes to the proper hemisphere involve complex processes for various sensory and motor inputs. Sensory pathways, including visual, auditory, and somatosensory systems, are processed through ascending tracts and often involved specific areas of the brain for processing.
Visual pathway: The visual information from both eyes is processed through the thalamus and then directed to the appropriate hemispheres of the visual cortex. Here, it is split into dorsal and ventral pathways for processing 'where' and 'what' respectively.
Auditory pathway: After reaching the primary auditory cortex, auditory information is divided into dorsal and ventral pathways, which help in sound localization and identifying sound characteristics.
Somatosensory pathway: This involves the processing of tactile and other somatosensory stimuli from the entire body, where it is directed through the spinal cord or cranial nerves based on the location of receptor neurons.
Motor pathway: Although not detailed in the reference, the motor pathway generally involves the descending tracts from the brain to the spinal cord, allowing the brain to control voluntary muscle movements.
