Answer :
The correct answer to this question is option D) number of populations minus 1.
The number of degrees of freedom (df) associated with the chi-square distribution in a test of independence is determined by the number of populations from which the samples are obtained minus one.
It is calculated by the formula: df = (r - 1) x (c - 1), where r is the number of rows and c is the number of columns in the contingency table used to perform the test. The chi-square distribution is used to analyze the difference between observed and expected values in a contingency table. It provides a measure of how closely the observed frequencies match the expected frequencies if there is no association between the variables being studied.
The degrees of freedom are important because they determine the critical values for the test statistic and help to determine the probability of obtaining the observed results if the null hypothesis is true.
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