Answer :
Final answer:
The volume of air in the lungs at time t=6 seconds, after having just exhaled at t=0, would be estimated at around 5,750 mL assuming a tidal volume of 500mL per breath.
Explanation:
The amount of air in the lungs at any time depends on the breathing cycle. Since it's stated that an average adult completes a breathing cycle roughly every 4 seconds, by t=6 seconds, they would have completed 1.5 cycles. Since the cycle starts off with an exhale (emptying the lungs to the minimum capacity of 5,500mL), we would complete another inhale and half an exhale by 6 seconds.
But we have a vital piece of information missing to provide an exact answer: how much volume is involved in a normal breath (also known as tidal volume). If we consider a normal breath to involve roughly 500mL (this is a typical estimate), then a full cycle would consist of inhaling 500mL, then exhaling the same amount. So at t=6 seconds, one would end up inhaling 500mL and then exhaling half of that amount (250mL). Therefore, we can estimate that the volume of air in the lungs at t=6 seconds would be roughly 5,750mL (5,500mL + 500mL - 250mL).
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