Answer :
Final answer:
The Four-Part Processing Model, examined in cognitive psychology, shows different systems for phonological and orthographic processing. Semantic encoding often leads to better memory retention of verbal information than visual or acoustic encoding. Top-down processing also influences how we perceive and remember stimuli.
Explanation:
The Four-Part Processing Model is supported by modern cognitive psychology, suggesting that the phonological processing system, which deals with the sounds of language, is distinct from the orthographic processing system, which involves the written aspects of language. The experiments by Fergus Craik and Endel Tulving provided insight into different types of encoding for memory retention, including visual, acoustic, and semantic processing. Semantic processing, which involves the meaning of words, typically results in the best memory of verbal information because it requires a deeper level of cognitive engagement. Top-down processing also plays a role, as it involves using past experience and expectations to recognize and interpret stimuli.
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