The diagram below shows 4 beakers P, Q, R, and S containing different volumes of water at different temperatures.

- Beaker P: 100 ml (70°C)
- Beaker Q: 50 ml (90°C)
- Beaker R: 100 ml (90°C)
- Beaker S: 50 ml (70°C)

Which of the following statements is true?

A. Beaker P has the most heat energy.
B. Beaker R has more heat energy than beaker Q.
C. Beaker S has more heat energy than beaker R.
D. Beaker P and beaker S have the same amount of heat energy.

Please answer with an explanation.

In order to determine the amount of heat energy in each beaker, we need to consider both the volume of water and its temperature. The formula for heat energy is Q = mcΔT, where Q represents the heat energy, m is the mass (volume) of the water, c is the specific heat capacity of water, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

Comparing the beakers, we can see that beaker Q has the highest temperature at 90Â°C, followed by beaker R which also has a temperature of 90Â°C. However, beaker P and beaker S have the same temperature at 70Â°C. Since the volume of water in beaker P (100 ml) is higher than the volume of water in beaker S (50 ml), beaker P must have more heat energy than beaker S, making statement D false.

Therefore, the correct statement is B. Beaker R has more heat energy than beaker Q because although they have the same temperature, beaker R contains more water.

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