Answer :
Bypass vessels in vertebrate circulatory systems serve specialized functions that enhance gas exchange efficiency, such as the pulmocutaneous circuit in amphibians for skin breathing. These adaptations do not typically involve skipping the heart or systemic circuit. Both the option is not correct but the correct answer is enhance gas exchange efficiency, such as the pulmocutaneous circuit in amphibians for skin breathing.
The bypass vessels in the circulatory systems of some vertebrates serve a specific purpose, and the functions listed in the question do not fully represent the adaptations observed across different species. In vertebrates, bypass vessels can be part of specialized circulatory adaptations that allow for more efficient oxygenation of blood or to temporarily alter blood flow. Amphibians, for example, have a pulmocutaneous circuit, which involves a detour to the skin for gas exchange in addition to the lungs. This adaptation is not about skipping the heart or systemic circuit but rather about complementing oxygen intake methods for efficiency and survival, especially since some amphibians can breathe through their skin.
In broader terms, the evolution of circulatory systems in animals has led to improvements in the efficiency of gas exchange and nutrient distribution. Evolution favored a closed circulatory system with a higher number of
heart chambers in many species, especially in terrestrial animals that require more oxygen. The four-chambered heart of crocodiles, birds, and mammals avoids mixing oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, thereby improving systemic circulation.
