Answer :
To calculate the annual load factor of a power plant, we can use the formula: Load Factor = (Annual Energy Generation) / (Capacity × Hours in a Year) Given: Capacity of the power plant = 150 MW Annual Energy Generation = 770 MW.hr Annual Average Load = 99.3 MW Hours in a Year = 365 days × 24 hours/day = 8,760 hours.
Substituting the given values into the formula:, Load Factor = 770 MW.hr / (150 MW × 8,760 hr) Load Factor ≈ 0.625 or 62.5% Therefore, the annual load factor of the power plant is approximately 62.5%. Starting of large loads: The sudden starting of heavy machinery or equipment, such as motors or transformers, can cause voltage sag. The initial surge of current required to start these devices can result in a voltage drop in the system. Faulty electrical connections: Loose or faulty electrical connections in the wiring or distribution system can lead to increased impedance and voltage drop during operation, causing voltage sags. Power system switching: Switching operations in the power grid, such as the opening or closing of circuit breakers or switching of loads, can cause voltage sags due to transient disturbances.
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