Answer :
Susan's decision to not report cheating due to fear of social backlash is an example of Kohlberg's conventional stage of moral development, focused on conformity and maintaining social order.
The scenario provided with Susan not telling the teacher about Ian cheating is an example of Lawrence Kohlberg's conventional stage of moral development.
In Kohlberg's theory, the conventional level is generally reached in the teen years, where individuals are aware of others' feelings and societal rules, and their decisions are influenced by the desire to conform to social norms, often prioritizing the avoidance of disapproval or disruption of the social order.
It reflects the adherence to the rules and standards of one's family or community, sometimes even if they conflict with one's own beliefs. At this stage, individuals make moral choices based on the approval of others, avoiding disapproval, and maintaining the social order.
Susan's decision not to report the cheating due to fear of being called a snitch is guided by her concern about her peers' opinions and the consequences it might have on her social standing, rather than on any legal or abstract moral principles, which pertain to the preconventional or postconventional levels respectively.
Susan decides not to tell the teacher that her classmate Ian is cheating on the math exam because she is afraid the other kids will call her a snitch. This is an example of Lawrence Kohlberg's conventional stage of moral development.
The conventional level of moral reasoning is typical of adolescents and adults. To reason in a conventional way is to pass judgment on the ethical quality of activities by contrasting them with society's perspectives and assumptions. The traditional level comprises of the third and fourth phases of moral development. Conventional morality is characterized by an acceptance of society's conventions concerning right and wrong. At this level a singular submits to rules and adheres to society's standards in any event, when there are no ramifications for dutifulness or rebellion. Adherence to rules and shows is to some degree unbending, in any case, and a standard's suitability or decency is only occasionally addressed
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