Answer :
Explanatory vs. Response Variables. In a study or experiment, the response variable is the topic of a question.
A variable that explains changes in another variable is known as an explanatory variable. It could be anything that has an impact on the response variable.
- The ultimate score is the response variable in this case.
- The fonts are the explanatory variable here (four different fonts)
Randomization entails randomly assigning experimental units to treatment groups.
An observational study is one in which the researcher does nothing but observe the subjects.
That is, the researcher has no control over any treatments administered to the individuals or the groups into which they are divided. They just observe the subjects and collect data depending on their findings.
As a result, this is a randomized experiment because we are randomly assigning 40 students to four typeface groups.
ANOVA is used to assess whether there are any statistically significant differences between the means of three or more independent (unrelated) groups.
We have four different fonts and will use analysis of variance to compare the mean final score of the students in these four groups.
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Full Question;
Suppose that an instructor wants to investigate whether the lo on an exam affects student performance as measured by the final exam score. She uses four di fonts (times, courier, Helvetica, comic sans) and randomly assigns her 40 students to one of the four fonts.
a. Identify the explanatory and response variables in this study.
b. Is this an observational study or a randomized experiment? Explain how you know.
c. Even though the subjects in this study were not randomly selected from a population, it still appropriate to conduct an analysis of variance. Explain why.
a. Explanatory variable: Font used on the exam; Response variable: Final exam score
b. Randomized experiment
c. Yes, it is still appropriate to conduct an analysis of variance (ANOVA) in this study.
a.
Explanatory variable: Font used on the exam
Response variable: Final exam score
b.
This is a randomized experiment because the instructor randomly assigned students to one of the four fonts.
In an observational study, the researcher would simply observe which fonts students were assigned to, without any intervention.
c.
An analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to compare the means of three or more groups. It is still appropriate to conduct an ANOVA in this study even though the subjects were not randomly selected from a population because the instructor randomly assigned students to the four fonts. This means that the groups are likely to be similar in terms of other factors that could affect final exam scores, such as intelligence, prior knowledge of the subject matter, and motivation.
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