Answer :
Final answer:
Stage 1 of the Epidemiological Transition Model is characterized by pestilence and famine, where infectious diseases and lack of sufficient food due to primitive agricultural practices are the primary causes of death.
Explanation:
Stage 1 of the Epidemiological Transition Model is characterized primarily by pestilence and famine. During this stage, infectious and parasitic diseases are the main cause of mortality, largely due to limited medical technology, and poor sanitation and living conditions. Regular outbreaks of pandemics would typically result in high mortality rates. Diseases such as the bubonic plague would fall into this stage. Furthermore, famine was prevalent due to rudimentary agricultural practices and dependence on a limited food supply. This stage is typically associated with pre-industrial societies where the population often experiences wide fluctuations.
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