Answer :
Final answer:
The Sahel region is characterized by grasslands transitioning to desert, while tropical rainforests support the most biodiversity in Africa. The African elephant is endangered due to poaching, with habitat loss being the biggest threat to wildlife. Agriculture faces challenges in desert areas primarily due to a lack of irrigation and harsh climate conditions.
Explanation:
Key Features of the Sahel Region and Biodiversity in Africa
The Sahel region, which lies between the Sahara Desert to the north and the tropical rainforests to the south, is best characterized by grasslands transitioning to desert. This area experiences a semi-arid climate, which leads to a mix of savanna and sparse scrubland.
When considering African vegetation types that support the most biodiversity, the tropical rainforest stands out due to its complex ecosystems that provide habitats for countless species. Conversely, while the savannah is rich in wildlife, it does not match the biodiversity found in rainforest ecosystems.
Among endangered species, the African elephant is notably at risk due to poaching activities, driven by the demand for ivory and other body parts.
Today, the primary threat to African wildlife is habitat loss, driven by human activities such as agriculture, urbanization, and deforestation, rather than hunting or disease.
In the African savanna, the predominant vegetation type is grasslands with scattered trees, which create an essential habitat for various animal species.
In tropical rainforest climates, subsistence farming is commonly practiced, where local populations grow food primarily for their own use rather than for trade.
In desert regions of Africa, the main challenge faced by agriculture is the lack of irrigation, which significantly hampers food production.
People in Africa often settle near the Nile Valley because of its favorable climate and water resources that support agriculture.
The sparse population in the Sahara Desert is largely due to its harsh, dry climate conditions that make it unsuitable for regular human habitation.
Highland areas of East Africa are populated largely because they have fertile volcanic soils and abundant rainfall, making them ideal for agriculture.
In tropical rainforest regions, the soil type known as ferralsols is common and is characterized by high fertility, supporting diverse plant growth.
Finally, Leptosols found in mountainous regions have poor fertility due to thin soil layers, which affects agricultural productivity.
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