Answer :
Final answer:
The synthesis of Grignard reagents, exemplified by converting bromobenzene to phenylmagnesium bromide, and the subsequent formation of benzoic acid through reaction with carbon dioxide, showcases a critical pathway in organic synthesis.
Explanation:
Understanding the Formation of Grignard Reagents and Benzoic Acid
The question pertains to the synthesis of Grignard reagents and their subsequent reaction to form benzoic acid. Grignard reagents are a pivotal component in organic chemistry for creating new carbon-carbon bonds, leading to the synthesis of a variety of compounds, including alcohols, acids, and others.
Formation of the Grignard Reagent from Bromobenzene
The balanced chemical equation for the formation of the Grignard reagent from bromobenzene is:
C6H5Br + Mg → C6H5MgBr
This reaction involves the direct interaction of bromobenzene with magnesium metal to produce phenylmagnesium bromide, a Grignard reagent.
Formation of Benzoic Acid from the Grignard Reagent
To synthesize benzoic acid from the Grignard reagent, carbon dioxide (CO2) is introduced as a reagent, followed by acidification. The balanced equation representing this process is:
C6H5MgBr + CO2 → C6H5COOMgBr
Upon hydrolysis, this compound yields benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) with a by-product of magnesium bromide (MgBr2).
Grignard reagent consists of any of numerous organic derivatives of magnesium (Mg), commonly represented by the general formula RMgX (in which R is a hydrocarbon radical: CH3, C2H5, C6H5, etc.; and X is a halogen atom, usually chlorine, bromine, or iodine).
What are Grignard Reagents?
In synthetic processes, Grignard reagents are used to create new carbon-carbon bonds. A extremely polar carbon-magnesium bond, in which the carbon atom has a partial negative charge and the metal a partial positive charge, characterizes a Grignard reagent.
The balanced equation for the formation of the Grignard reagent from bromobenzene is in the image.
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