Answer :
Below is a detailed explanation of how each new word was formed:
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Q1. Formation of New Words by Adding Suffixes
Many of these words are formed by applying standard spelling rules such as:
1. Dropping the final [tex]$e$[/tex] before adding the suffix [tex]$-ing$[/tex] (e.g., “stare” becomes “staring”).
2. Doubling the final consonant for a one‐syllable word when the base ends in a vowel followed by a consonant (e.g., “stir” becomes “stirred”).
3. Changing a final [tex]$y$[/tex] to [tex]$i$[/tex] when adding [tex]$-ed$[/tex], unless the suffix does not require the change (e.g., for the [tex]$-ing$[/tex] form, the [tex]$y$[/tex] is kept).
Let’s look at each part:
a) \emph{Stare + ing}
When adding [tex]$-ing$[/tex] to a word ending in [tex]$e$[/tex], the final [tex]$e$[/tex] is dropped. Therefore,
[tex]$$\text{stare} \to \text{staring}.$$[/tex]
b) \emph{Stir + ed}
For a one-syllable word ending in a vowel-consonant combination, it is common to double the final consonant before adding [tex]$-ed$[/tex]. Hence,
[tex]$$\text{stir} \to \text{stirred}.$$[/tex]
c) \emph{Slam + ing}
Similarly, the one-syllable word “slam” doubles the final consonant when forming the [tex]$-ing$[/tex] form. Therefore,
[tex]$$\text{slam} \to \text{slamming}.$$[/tex]
d) \emph{Grab + cd}
Here, interpret the suffix as implying a form similar to that applied in other parts (where a doubling rule applies) so that
[tex]$$\text{grab} \to \text{grabbed}.$$[/tex]
(The rules are similar to the previous examples where a consonant is doubled before adding the ending.)
e) \emph{Ilappy + esi}
Assume that “Ilappy” is intended to represent a word similar to “happy” (possibly with an extra letter at the start) and that the ending [tex]$esi$[/tex] represents the superlative form where you change the final [tex]$y$[/tex] to [tex]$i$[/tex] and add [tex]$-est$[/tex]. Thus,
[tex]$$\text{happy} \to \text{happiest}.$$[/tex]
f) \emph{Stab + cd}
Again using the pattern from part (d), we double the final consonant to form the new word, so we have
[tex]$$\text{stab} \to \text{stabbed}.$$[/tex]
g) \emph{Ilcavy + est}
Assuming “Ilcavy” is a variant of a word like “lazy” and [tex]$-est$[/tex] is the superlative ending (with the typical change of [tex]$y$[/tex] to [tex]$i$[/tex]), the correct form is
[tex]$$\text{lazy} \to \text{laziest}.$$[/tex]
h) \emph{lifty + eth}
For some verbs in older English forms, the suffix [tex]$-eth$[/tex] is added (without much change to the base), so
[tex]$$\text{lift} \to \text{lifteth}.$$[/tex]
(Notice that even though the given word is “lifty,” it suggests the base is meant to be “lift.”)
i) \emph{Carry + age}
This word undergoes a change to form a noun rather than a verb form. The transformation gives us
[tex]$$\text{carry} \to \text{carriage}.$$[/tex]
(The vowel change and addition of the appropriate suffix yield the noun.)
j) \emph{Try + ed}
For verbs ending in [tex]$y$[/tex], when adding [tex]$-ed$[/tex], change the [tex]$y$[/tex] to [tex]$i$[/tex] before adding the suffix. Hence,
[tex]$$\text{try} \to \text{tried}.$$[/tex]
k) \emph{Pry + ed}
Similarly, change the final [tex]$y$[/tex] to [tex]$i$[/tex] and add [tex]$-ed$[/tex], so
[tex]$$\text{pry} \to \text{pried}.$$[/tex]
l) \emph{Pry + ing}
In the [tex]$-ing$[/tex] form the [tex]$y$[/tex] remains unchanged, therefore,
[tex]$$\text{pry} \to \text{prying}.$$[/tex]
m) \emph{Mar + ed}
For one-syllable words with the structure vowel-consonant, the final consonant is doubled when adding consonant-initiated suffixes like [tex]$-ed$[/tex]. Thus,
[tex]$$\text{mar} \to \text{marred}.$$[/tex]
n) \emph{Carry t ing}
Here, the intended word appears to be “carry” with the correct [tex]$-ing$[/tex] ending. When forming the [tex]$-ing$[/tex] form of “carry,” the [tex]$r$[/tex] is doubled, leading to
[tex]$$\text{carry} \to \text{carrying}.$$[/tex]
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Q2. Wrongly Used Words in the Passage
The second question asks for replacement of ten wrongly used words in a passage. However, since the passage or the list of words with errors was not provided, there is insufficient information to determine the correct replacements.
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Final Answers
For the first question, the new words are:
[tex]\[
\begin{aligned}
\text{a)} &\quad \text{staring}, \\
\text{b)} &\quad \text{stirred}, \\
\text{c)} &\quad \text{slamming}, \\
\text{d)} &\quad \text{grabbed}, \\
\text{e)} &\quad \text{happiest}, \\
\text{f)} &\quad \text{stabbed}, \\
\text{g)} &\quad \text{laziest}, \\
\text{h)} &\quad \text{lifteth}, \\
\text{i)} &\quad \text{carriage}, \\
\text{j)} &\quad \text{tried}, \\
\text{k)} &\quad \text{pried}, \\
\text{l)} &\quad \text{prying}, \\
\text{m)} &\quad \text{marred}, \\
\text{n)} &\quad \text{carrying}.
\end{aligned}
\][/tex]
For the second question:
"Insufficient information to solve Q2."
This concludes the solution.
------------------------------------------------------
Q1. Formation of New Words by Adding Suffixes
Many of these words are formed by applying standard spelling rules such as:
1. Dropping the final [tex]$e$[/tex] before adding the suffix [tex]$-ing$[/tex] (e.g., “stare” becomes “staring”).
2. Doubling the final consonant for a one‐syllable word when the base ends in a vowel followed by a consonant (e.g., “stir” becomes “stirred”).
3. Changing a final [tex]$y$[/tex] to [tex]$i$[/tex] when adding [tex]$-ed$[/tex], unless the suffix does not require the change (e.g., for the [tex]$-ing$[/tex] form, the [tex]$y$[/tex] is kept).
Let’s look at each part:
a) \emph{Stare + ing}
When adding [tex]$-ing$[/tex] to a word ending in [tex]$e$[/tex], the final [tex]$e$[/tex] is dropped. Therefore,
[tex]$$\text{stare} \to \text{staring}.$$[/tex]
b) \emph{Stir + ed}
For a one-syllable word ending in a vowel-consonant combination, it is common to double the final consonant before adding [tex]$-ed$[/tex]. Hence,
[tex]$$\text{stir} \to \text{stirred}.$$[/tex]
c) \emph{Slam + ing}
Similarly, the one-syllable word “slam” doubles the final consonant when forming the [tex]$-ing$[/tex] form. Therefore,
[tex]$$\text{slam} \to \text{slamming}.$$[/tex]
d) \emph{Grab + cd}
Here, interpret the suffix as implying a form similar to that applied in other parts (where a doubling rule applies) so that
[tex]$$\text{grab} \to \text{grabbed}.$$[/tex]
(The rules are similar to the previous examples where a consonant is doubled before adding the ending.)
e) \emph{Ilappy + esi}
Assume that “Ilappy” is intended to represent a word similar to “happy” (possibly with an extra letter at the start) and that the ending [tex]$esi$[/tex] represents the superlative form where you change the final [tex]$y$[/tex] to [tex]$i$[/tex] and add [tex]$-est$[/tex]. Thus,
[tex]$$\text{happy} \to \text{happiest}.$$[/tex]
f) \emph{Stab + cd}
Again using the pattern from part (d), we double the final consonant to form the new word, so we have
[tex]$$\text{stab} \to \text{stabbed}.$$[/tex]
g) \emph{Ilcavy + est}
Assuming “Ilcavy” is a variant of a word like “lazy” and [tex]$-est$[/tex] is the superlative ending (with the typical change of [tex]$y$[/tex] to [tex]$i$[/tex]), the correct form is
[tex]$$\text{lazy} \to \text{laziest}.$$[/tex]
h) \emph{lifty + eth}
For some verbs in older English forms, the suffix [tex]$-eth$[/tex] is added (without much change to the base), so
[tex]$$\text{lift} \to \text{lifteth}.$$[/tex]
(Notice that even though the given word is “lifty,” it suggests the base is meant to be “lift.”)
i) \emph{Carry + age}
This word undergoes a change to form a noun rather than a verb form. The transformation gives us
[tex]$$\text{carry} \to \text{carriage}.$$[/tex]
(The vowel change and addition of the appropriate suffix yield the noun.)
j) \emph{Try + ed}
For verbs ending in [tex]$y$[/tex], when adding [tex]$-ed$[/tex], change the [tex]$y$[/tex] to [tex]$i$[/tex] before adding the suffix. Hence,
[tex]$$\text{try} \to \text{tried}.$$[/tex]
k) \emph{Pry + ed}
Similarly, change the final [tex]$y$[/tex] to [tex]$i$[/tex] and add [tex]$-ed$[/tex], so
[tex]$$\text{pry} \to \text{pried}.$$[/tex]
l) \emph{Pry + ing}
In the [tex]$-ing$[/tex] form the [tex]$y$[/tex] remains unchanged, therefore,
[tex]$$\text{pry} \to \text{prying}.$$[/tex]
m) \emph{Mar + ed}
For one-syllable words with the structure vowel-consonant, the final consonant is doubled when adding consonant-initiated suffixes like [tex]$-ed$[/tex]. Thus,
[tex]$$\text{mar} \to \text{marred}.$$[/tex]
n) \emph{Carry t ing}
Here, the intended word appears to be “carry” with the correct [tex]$-ing$[/tex] ending. When forming the [tex]$-ing$[/tex] form of “carry,” the [tex]$r$[/tex] is doubled, leading to
[tex]$$\text{carry} \to \text{carrying}.$$[/tex]
------------------------------------------------------
Q2. Wrongly Used Words in the Passage
The second question asks for replacement of ten wrongly used words in a passage. However, since the passage or the list of words with errors was not provided, there is insufficient information to determine the correct replacements.
------------------------------------------------------
Final Answers
For the first question, the new words are:
[tex]\[
\begin{aligned}
\text{a)} &\quad \text{staring}, \\
\text{b)} &\quad \text{stirred}, \\
\text{c)} &\quad \text{slamming}, \\
\text{d)} &\quad \text{grabbed}, \\
\text{e)} &\quad \text{happiest}, \\
\text{f)} &\quad \text{stabbed}, \\
\text{g)} &\quad \text{laziest}, \\
\text{h)} &\quad \text{lifteth}, \\
\text{i)} &\quad \text{carriage}, \\
\text{j)} &\quad \text{tried}, \\
\text{k)} &\quad \text{pried}, \\
\text{l)} &\quad \text{prying}, \\
\text{m)} &\quad \text{marred}, \\
\text{n)} &\quad \text{carrying}.
\end{aligned}
\][/tex]
For the second question:
"Insufficient information to solve Q2."
This concludes the solution.
