Answer :
Final answer:
Individuals with hemophilia A have a deficiency in factor VIII affecting the intrinsic coagulation pathway, leading to longer clotting times and difficulty stopping bleeding, particularly for injuries within blood vessels. The correct option is (1).
Explanation:
People with hemophilia A lack functional factor VIII, essential for blood clotting, leading to issues mainly with the intrinsic pathway of coagulation. Individuals with hemophilia A do not have a deficiency in the common or extrinsic pathways. As a result, their clotting times are longer, not shorter.
When they experience bleeding, it tends to be more severe and harder to stop because the intrinsic pathway, which is activated by internal damage to the blood vessels, does not function correctly.
It's essential to understand that the clotting process relies on a series of reactions involving various clotting factors, which ultimately lead to the formation of a stable blood clot. In the case of hemophilia A, the clotting factor VIII is either missing or not functional, which interrupts the cascade of reactions and prevents the formation of fibrin, the protein that forms the mesh of the clot.
