Answer :
Orthographic structure is determined by looking at a word's morphemes. (a) looking at a word's morphemes
Orthography refers to the conventional spelling system of a language. It involves the rules and patterns for writing words, including aspects such as spelling, hyphenation, capitalization, word breaks, and punctuation. Morphemes, which are the smallest meaningful units in a language, play a crucial role in orthographic structure. By analyzing morphemes, we can understand how words are constructed and spelled, providing insight into the rules that govern written language.
Morphemes can include roots, prefixes, and suffixes, and they help determine the orthographic form of words. For example, understanding that the word "unhappiness" is composed of the morphemes "un-", "happy," and "-ness" aids in comprehending its spelling and structure. This approach to examining words is fundamental in understanding and teaching spelling, as it goes beyond merely listening to sounds (phonemes) or breaking words into syllables, and instead focuses on the meaningful components that dictate correct spelling.
By contrast, breaking a word into phonemes or syllabic units primarily deals with pronunciation and phonological aspects rather than the rules governing how words are written and structured orthographically.
The correct question is: Orthographic structure is determined by
a) looking at a word's morphemes
b) combining a word's syllabic units
c) listening to a word's sounds
d) breaking a word into phonemes
"The orthographic structure of a map is determined by the projection method used to transfer locations on the Earth's surface to a flat map.
- This structure is influenced by the choice of projection, which can be cylindrical, conical, or planar (azimuthal), among others. Each projection method has its own set of properties that dictate how the Earth's surface is represented on a two-dimensional plane.
- These properties include the preservation of area, shape, direction, and scale. The specific details of the projection, such as the standard parallels, central meridian, and scale factor, further define the orthographic structure of the map.
- For example, in a cylindrical projection, the Earth is conceptually wrapped around a cylinder, and the surface is projected onto the cylinder before being unwrapped into a flat map. This method typically preserves direction and scale along certain lines or regions but distorts shape and area away from these lines.
- Conical projections, on the other hand, project the Earth's surface onto a cone before unwrapping it, which can preserve shape and area along certain lines but introduces distortion elsewhere. Planar projections involve projecting the Earth's surface onto a flat plane, which can be tangent to the Earth at a single point or cut through the Earth to create a secant plane, affecting the preservation of various properties differently.
- The choice of projection is guided by the purpose of the map and the area it covers. For instance, the Mercator projection is a cylindrical projection that is useful for navigation because it preserves angles and shapes, although it greatly distorts the size of objects as the distance from the equator increases. In contrast, the Lambert conformal conic projection is often used for maps of mid-latitude regions because it minimizes distortion of shape and area within those regions.
- In summary, the orthographic structure of a map is determined by the choice of map projection and its specific parameters, which together dictate how the Earth's curved surface is represented on a flat map and what properties are preserved or distorted in the process."
