Answer :
Final answer:
In the periodic table, elements, including metals, are classified by their electron configurations into main-group elements or representative elements, and transition metals. They are also grouped by chemical properties forming groups like alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and noble gases.
Explanation:
In the periodic table, elements are classified as metals, metalloids, nonmetals, main-group elements, transition metals, and inner transition metals. The representative elements are elements in which the last electron added enters an s or p orbital. These include many metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. For instance, gallium, a metal in the main group, has three valence electrons.
The transition metals are metallic elements in which the last electron added enters a d orbital. Technically, transition elements are those with partially filled d orbitals, but it's common to refer to the entire d block as transition metals.
Finally, elements are also grouped by specific properties such as compound composition and comparability in terms of chemical properties. They form groups like alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, pnictogens, chalcogens, halogens, and noble gases.
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