microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) use a similar process and proteins to regulate gene expression. Which of the following is more commonly associated with the miRNA pathway?

A. The protein Drosha is found in the miRNA pathway but not the siRNA pathway.
B. The protein AGO is found in the miRNA pathway but not the siRNA pathway.
C. The protein complex RISC is found in the miRNA pathway but not the siRNA pathway.
D. In animals, the miRNA pathway usually leads to mRNA degradation, and in the siRNA pathway, the mRNA is not degraded.
E. The protein Dicer is found in the miRNA pathway but not the siRNA pathway.

Together, the available data suggest that miRNAs and siRNAs work with a group of effector proteins to regulate gene expression by impairing translation and hastening mRNA decay, and that each of these regulatory processes is subject to a variety of different mechanisms.

While siRNAs and miRNAs are both short duplex RNA molecules that target messenger RNA (mRNA) to silence genes at the post-transcriptional level, they differ in their modes of action and clinical uses.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that are endogenously encoded and can prevent the translation of mRNAs with partially complementary target sequences. They are produced by processing short RNA hairpins.

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