Answer :
Final answer:
Lithium nitride charge and valence electrons
The charge of the lithium ion in lithium nitride is +1, and the charge of the nitrogen ion is -3. The charges of the ions add up to zero because of the law of conservation of charge. The total number of valence electrons in all the atoms in Li₃N is 8.
Explanation:
The charge of the lithium ion in lithium nitride is +1. This is because the atomic number of lithium is 3, which means it has 3 protons in its nucleus. In order for the lithium ion to be stable, it needs to lose one electron. When an electron is lost, the ion will have one more proton than electrons, resulting in a charge of +1.
The charge of the nitrogen ion in lithium nitride is -3. This is because the atomic number of nitrogen is 7, which means it has 7 protons in its nucleus. In order for the nitrogen ion to be stable, it needs to gain three electrons. When three electrons are gained, the ion will have three more electrons than protons, resulting in a charge of -3.
The charges of the ions in lithium nitride add up to zero because of the law of conservation of charge. When lithium loses one electron and nitrogen gains three electrons, the overall charge of the compound is balanced and equal to zero.
The total number of valence electrons in all the atoms in Li₃N can be calculated by multiplying the number of valence electrons in each atom by their respective number of atoms. In lithium nitride, there are three lithium atoms and one nitrogen atom. Lithium has one valence electron and nitrogen has five valence electrons, so the total number of valence electrons is (1 x 3) + (5 x 1) = 8.
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Lithium ions have a charge of 1+, while nitrogen ions have a charge of 3-. The charges of three lithium ions and one nitrogen ion add up to zero, making the compound neutral. The total number of valence electrons in Li₃N is 8.
Lithium nitride has the chemical formula Li₃N. Let’s break down each part of your question step-by-step:
a) What is the charge of the lithium ion?
Lithium (Li) belongs to Group 1 of the periodic table, which means it typically loses one electron to form a cation with a charge of +1. Therefore, the charge of the lithium ion is 1+.
b) What is the charge of the nitrogen ion?
Nitrogen (N), being in Group 15, typically gains three electrons to complete its valence shell. Consequently, it forms an anion with a charge of 3-. Therefore, the charge of the nitrogen ion is 3-.
c) Show that the charges of the ions add up to zero
In lithium nitride (Li₃N), there are three lithium ions, each with a charge of +1, and one nitrogen ion with a charge of 3-. To show the charges add up to zero:
3 x +1 (from three lithium ions) = +3
1 x -3 ( from one nitrogen ion) = -3
Sum of charges: +3 + (-3) = 0. So, lithium nitride is neutral.
d) What is the total number of valence electrons in all the atoms in Li₃N?
Each lithium atom has 1 valence electron (since it is in Group 1), and there are three lithium atoms: 3 x 1 = 3 valence electrons from lithium.
Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons (since it is in Group 15). So, the total number of valence electrons in Li₃N is 3 (from lithium) + 5 (from nitrogen) = 8 valence electrons.
