Answer :
Final answer:
Karl Marx highlighted the alienation of workers in several ways under capitalism. He believed that workers were detached from the products of their labor, separated from themselves and others due to capitalist competition, and over time, society would replace capitalism with socialism to address these issues.
Explanation:
Karl Marx, a key figure in sociology and the author of Communism, expressed that under capitalism, workers are significantly alienated. Firstly, Marx believed that workers became alienated from the products of their labor, as it exclusively belonged to the bourgeois capitalists, greatly benefiting the latter and causing the working class to merely survive on minimal wages. The production process for the capitalist was then considered a hostile activity, detaching the worker from their essence, because work was not voluntary but coerced.
Moreover, workers had to compete with one another, not only in the physical environment but also had extended to their personal lives which led to alienation from others. Marx also accentuated the idea that workers became alienated from themselves and others as they began to perceive people based on their wealth and product value, fostering a profound sense of competition and materialistic despair.
Lastly, Marx highlighted the detrimental effects of capitalism, predicting its eventual collapse due to its excessive exploitation of labor. His theories led to the development of Marxism, which proposed that society would replace this exploitative economic system with socialism, aiming to create an equal society where the means of production were publicly owned.
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