Answer :
Final answer:
The question refers to socialist movements that sought to replace capitalism with worker cooperatives, improving worker conditions and decreasing income inequality. These movements often faced opposition from defenders of capitalism.
Explanation:
In the context of the question, the blank could be filled with a term like 'socialist movements,' given that the goal of replacing capitalism with worker cooperatives is most commonly associated with socialist ideologies. For instance, certain socialist political parties and labor movements, such as the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) or the Socialist Party in the United States during the 19th and early 20th centuries, sought to replace capitalism with worker cooperatives and uphold worker rights.
In doing so, these organizations aimed to build stronger political structures for worker control of the means of production in order to decrease income inequality and improve worker conditions. However, they often faced significant opposition from those who argued in favor of capitalism, saying it incentivized work and risk-taking.
Few of these socialist movements aimed for the complete overthrow of capitalism, advocating instead for a slow but persistent building of well-established political structures in which people can channel natural instincts and aspirations for cooperative living. Some criticized mainstream left-wing parties for not going far enough to combat capitalism or promote wealth equality.
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