Answer :
Final answer:
An IQ test is likely being conducted to assess mathematical ability in children, designed by Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon, which compares mental age to chronological age to calculate IQ. So, the correct answer is option 1.
Explanation:
The type of test being conducted with a group of 3-year-olds and a group of 10-year-olds to test the development of mathematical ability is most likely an IQ test. Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon developed an assessment that became the first IQ test, which includes tasks designed for children of specific ages to gauge their intellectual capacities. For example, younger children might be asked to identify parts of the body, while older children may be required to perform tasks such as naming the months in order.
The purpose of these tests is to measure a person's mental age compared to their chronological age and calculate their IQ using the formula: IQ = mental age ÷ chronological age × 100. Understanding a child's performance relative to their age group in various abilities like mathematical, spatial, and verbal reasoning is crucial for assessing intellectual development.
