In 1968, Stanley Schachter published an article in the journal Science reporting a series of experiments on obesity and eating behavior. Participants were led to believe they were taking part in a "taste test." All participants were told not to eat for several hours before the start of the experiment. Participants were classified on the basis of their weight (obese and non-obese) and randomly assigned to the full stomach or empty stomach condition. Half of the participants were given a full meal, as much as they wanted, after arriving at the "test site," and half were left hungry. The researchers recorded the number of crackers eaten by each participant during the fake "taste test." The averages for each of the groups are as follows:

- Non-obese, Empty Stomach: average score = 22
- Obese, Empty Stomach: average score = 17
- Non-obese, Full Stomach: average score = 15
- Obese, Full Stomach: average score = 18

(a) Use these data to create an appropriate graph of the results.
(b) Interpret the results of the study on the basis of the graph.

Non-obese participants ate more crackers when hungry than when full, while obese participants showed a smaller difference in the number of crackers eaten between empty and full stomachs.

Explanation:

(a) To graphically represent the results of the study, you can create a bar graph with the following categories on the x-axis: Non-obese, Empty Stomach; Obese, Empty Stomach; Non-obese, Full Stomach; and Obese, Full Stomach. The y-axis should represent the average number of crackers eaten by participants in each category. Each category will have a corresponding bar representing the average score.

(b) Interpreting the results based on the graph, you can observe the differences in the average number of crackers eaten by participants based on their weight and stomach condition. The graph will visually show the comparison between the groups, indicating whether there are significant differences in eating behavior depending on weight and stomach condition.

For example, you can analyze if being obese or having an empty stomach influenced the amount of food consumed during the "taste test" compared to being non-obese or having a full stomach. The graph will provide a clear visual representation of the study's findings and help in understanding the impact of these variables on eating behavior.