Answer :
Final answer:
The electron configuration of ions can be determined by the number of electrons gained or lost. Carbon with a negative charge gains one electron, while carbon with a positive charge loses one electron. Similarly, nitrogen with a positive charge loses one electron, and oxygen with a negative charge gains two electrons.
Explanation:
The electron configuration of an ion is determined by the number of electrons it gains or loses.
(a) A carbon atom with a negative charge (C-) gains one electron, so the electron configuration becomes 1s²2s²2p⁶.
(b) A carbon atom with a positive charge (C⁺) loses one electron, so the electron configuration becomes 1s²2s²2p³.
(c) A nitrogen atom with a positive charge (N⁺) loses one electron, so the electron configuration becomes 1s²2s²2p².
(d) An oxygen atom with a negative charge (O²-) gains two electrons, so the electron configuration becomes 1s²2s²2p⁶.
Here are the electron configurations for each of the ions that are mentioned:
(a) A carbon atom with a negative charge:
To determine the electron configuration for a negative ion, we add electrons to the neutral atom's electron configuration. For carbon, the neutral atom has 6 electrons. Adding one electron gives us:
1s² 2s² 2p³
(b) A carbon atom with a positive charge:
To determine the electron configuration for a positive ion, we remove electrons from the neutral atom's electron configuration. For carbon, the neutral atom has 6 electrons. Removing one electron gives us:
1s² 2s² 2p²
(c) A nitrogen atom with a positive charge:
To determine the electron configuration for a positive ion, we remove electrons from the neutral atom's electron configuration. For nitrogen, the neutral atom has 7 electrons. Removing one electron gives us:
1s² 2s² 2p³
(d) An oxygen atom with a negative charge:
To determine the electron configuration for a negative ion, we add electrons to the neutral atom's electron configuration. For oxygen, the neutral atom has 8 electrons. Adding one electron gives us:
1s² 2s² 2p⁴.
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