Answer :
Final answer:
In "The Fall of Icarus" by the circle of Pieter Brueghel the Elder, Icarus is not made the focal point through brightness, placement, size, or contrast. Instead, his fall is subtly incorporated into the background, emphasizing the moral that individual tragedies do not halt the flow of daily life around them. so,the correct option is:(d) By contrasting Icarus against a darker background
Explanation:
The question seems to mistake Marc Chagall for the actual artist of "The Fall of Icarus", which is attributed to Pieter Brueghel the Elder or someone in his circle. Nonetheless, in the painting "The Fall of Icarus" by this circle, Icarus is not established as the focal point through any of the methods listed directly (brightness, central placement, canvas size, or darker background contrast) as suggested in the choices. Instead, the painting uses the method of embedding Icarus almost hidden in the background, which is a striking method of diminishment rather than emphasis, making Icarus's fall a seemingly insignificant event amidst the daily life and labor that continue around him. This subtle treatment invites a close examination and serves to underscore the moral that one person's catastrophe does not disrupt the broader tapestry of life, thus diverging significantly from the suggested methods of establishing a focal point.
