Answer :
Final answer:
Homophobia and sexism work in tandem to enforce traditional cultural norms around manhood, penalizing behavior outside heteronormative and patriarchal standards. Not all men uniformly benefit from patriarchy, and it can even harm them. Addressing gender stratification requires multifaceted efforts including discussions, education, and policy changes.
Explanation:
Homophobia and sexism often function simultaneously to reinforce traditional cultural notions of manhood by discouraging behaviors that deviate from the heteronormative and patriarchal expectations. These systems of oppression have overlapping mechanisms that police gender expression and sexual orientation to maintain existing power structures. For example, in literature, characters might be forced into roles based on compulsory heterosexuality such as in Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, where male desire is channeled through competition over a female character, reflecting heteronormative culture.
In regards to patriarchy, while it can be presumed that all men benefit, the reality is more nuanced. Patriarchal beliefs can limit and harm men by imposing strict standards of masculinity they must constantly adhere to, as studied by Daniel Jordan Smith in Nigerian communities. Similarly, some women might find certain advantages within a patriarchal system, though these are typically constrained and come at the cost of perpetuating systemic inequality.
To lessen the effects of gender stratification in the workplace and society, ongoing discussions, education, and legislative changes are required to address the underlying biases and create an environment conducive to equality for all genders.
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