Answer :
Final answer:
Differentiating between testicular hydrocele, torsion, and cancer involves observing for transillumination, tenderness, and masses. Hydrocele is identified by positive transillumination, torsion by severe tenderness, and cancer by a non-transilluminating mass with no specific sequence for the presence of tenderness or masses. the correct answer is B
Explanation:
To differentiate between testicular hydrocele, testicular torsion, and testicular cancer on examination, look for specific signs such as transillumination, tenderness, and the presence or absence of masses. Hydrocele can often be identified by positive transillumination (light passing through the fluid-filled space around the testicle), whereas this is not true for cancer. Torsion is usually distinguished by acute onset of severe tenderness, and may not have a palpable mass initially. Cancer can manifest as a mass that does not transilluminate, with varying degrees of tenderness.
The presence of a lump or enlargement in either testicle, a feeling of heaviness in the scrotum, dull ache in the abdomen or groin, sudden collection of fluid in the scrotum, pain or discomfort in a testicle or the scrotum, enlargement or tenderness of the breasts, and back pain are possible signs and symptoms of testicular cancer. Diagnosis generally involves physical exam, ultrasound, and blood tests to measure tumor-marker proteins. Unlike with prostate cancer, a biopsy is less common because of the risk of spreading cancer cells.
Therefore, the correct way to differentiate these conditions is: b) Tenderness; masses; absence of transillumination.
