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------------------------------------------------ How did Inca technology help farmers overcome the challenging geography of the region so that surplus crops could be produced?

The Incas overcame difficult geography by building terraces that created micro-climates suitable for various crops and by establishing an efficient storage and distribution system alongside the ayllu system of communal labor sharing.

Explanation:

The Inca technology played a significant role in aiding farmers to overcome the challenging geography of the Andean region to produce surplus crops. The Incas built enormous systems of terraces that not only provided irrigation and helped retaining water but also prevented soil erosion significantly.

These terraces also created favorable micro-climates for a variety of crops such as corn, beans, squash, and quinoa. In addition, the Inca society had an efficient storage and distribution system, where surplus produce was stored in huge warehouses and distributed as needed, particularly during times of scarcity or for those unable to work.

The ayllu system also played a crucial role in the organization of agricultural labor. These community groups worked the land together and shared the yields. This, paired with strong state welfare programs, provided a social safety net for all inhabitants of the empire. These systems contributed to the establishment of a stable and prosperous society, despite the lack of wheeled vehicles or large domesticated animals for agriculture.