Answer :
Hemorrhage or extravasation (leaking) of blood into the subcutaneous tissue. The resultant darkening is commonly described as a bruise.
A bruise, which is also sometimes known as a contusion, is basically a type of hematoma of the tissue. It is basically the most common cause of capillaries being damaged by the trauma and cause localized bleeding which happens to extravasate into the tissue which is surrounding it.
Most of the bruises are found close to the epidermis and therefore the bleeding basically causes a very visible discoloration. The bruise stays visible till the blood gets absorbed by the tissues or gets cleared by the action of our immune system.
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