Answer :
Final answer:
President Andrew Johnson was impeached primarily for his refusal to enforce the Reconstruction Acts and related breaches of Congressional authority. His attempt to remove Secretary of War Edwin Stanton also contributed to the charges against him. Ultimately, he was acquitted in the Senate trial.
Explanation:
Reasons for President Andrew Johnson's Impeachment
President Andrew Johnson was impeached in 1868 primarily due to his refusal to enforce the Reconstruction Acts, which were critical for rebuilding the southern states after the Civil War. This refusal was seen as a direct challenge to Congress's authority, particularly since the Reconstruction Acts were designed to protect the rights of newly freed African Americans and ensure their participation in politics.
Key Events Leading to Impeachment:
- Johnson's opposition to the policies of radical Republicans in Congress.
- His attempt to remove Edwin M. Stanton, the Secretary of War, which violated the Tenure of Office Act that was enacted to limit the power of the President in this regard.
- Overall, his actions were viewed as obstructing the federal government's efforts to implement Reconstruction.
Outcome: The impeachment process led to a trial in the Senate, where Johnson was acquitted by just one vote, meaning he remained in office. This episode marked a significant conflict between the executive and legislative branches of government, highlighting the struggles over the direction of Reconstruction and civil rights in the post-war United States.
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