Answer :
Final answer:
The energy order of subshells within a shell of an atom increases in the order from s to f, contrary to the student’s statement of 4f > 4d > 4p > 4s being higher for a hydrogen atom. This is determined by quantum mechanics principles, the behavior of electrons, and the level of electron penetration near the nucleus.
Explanation:
The statement that for a hydrogen atom, the energies of the sub-shells 4s, 4p, 4d, and 4f are in the order 4f > 4d > 4p > 4s is false. The energy of subshells within a shell of an atom increases in the order of s < p < d < f.
This is due to the principles of quantum mechanics and the behavior of electrons in an atom. The Pauli exclusion principle and Hund's rule dictate the filling order of atomic orbitals, which generally starts from the lowest energy subshell.
Furthermore, in terms of radial penetration (extent of electron density near the nucleus), the s subshell is generally more penetrating than the p, d, and f subshells. This leads to an energy order of s < p < d < f within the same shell due to the phenomenon of electron shielding.
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