Answer :
Air bubbles move up in the capillary tube due to the upward buoyant force applied by the water on bubbles.
According to the Archimedes' principle, when an object floats in a liquid, it experiences an upward exerted by the liquid. This force is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by the volume of the floating or sinking object.
When air bubbles are present in capillary tube, then the upward force exerted by the water on bubbles is more than the weight of the air bubbles, as the density of the air is very less than that of the water. That's why the air bubbles move up in capillary tube.
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Final answer:
The air bubble in a capillary tube moves up due to capillary action and the application of positive pressure on one side of the tube, causing the liquid to move and push the air bubble upward. The size of the capillary tube and the temperature of the liquid affect this upward motion, but not the angle of entry of the tube.
Explanation:
Understanding the Movement of an Air Bubble in a Capillary Tube
When a capillary tube is inserted into a liquid, the phenomenon known as capillary action takes place. This effect occurs due to the intermolecular forces between the liquid and the solid surface of the capillary. For a liquid that wets the tube's surface, like water with a glass tube, the liquid is drawn up against gravity
The air bubble moves up the capillary tube for similar reasons. If positive pressure is applied to one side, labelled as Up in some texts, the liquid moves away from the pressure, pushing the air bubble upward. The movement is also aided by the liquid's tendency to rise within the narrow confines of the tube through capillary action. The upward movement of the air bubble can be observed as a consequence of these forces acting together in a system at equilibrium.
The diameter of the capillary tube significantly influences this effect. A smaller diameter results in a higher rise of the liquid due to the stronger interaction between the liquid and the tube's surface. Temperature has an effect as well, but notably, the angle at which the tube enters the water does not affect the height to which the liquid rises.
