Answer :
Final answer:
The main difference in stopping a vehicle with Anti-Lock Brakes (ABS) versus one without is that ABS allows for steering while braking through steady pressure on the brake pedal, while non-ABS braking requires the brake pedal to be pumped to avoid wheel lock-up. Test scenarios, such as stopping from a speed of 50 mph, are used to compare these systems. Safety measures like airbags reduce impact force in sudden stops.
Explanation:
The maneuvers for stopping a car with Anti-Lock Brakes (ABS) are different from a car without Anti-Lock brakes. With ABS, you can steer while you're braking by applying firm, continuous pressure to the brake pedal, as ABS systems prevent wheels from locking up. Without ABS, to steer while braking, you'd need to use threshold braking and/or cadence braking, where you would press and release the brake pedal in quick succession to avoid wheel lock-up.
Certain scenarios such as tests for stopping distances at a set speed like 50 mph are often used to compare the effectiveness of these different braking systems. Hydraulic brakes which use Pascal's principle by increasing the force applied by the driver via a simple lever and a hydraulic system are another example of brake systems.
It's also noteworthy to consider that in cases of sudden stops, safety measures like airbags and seat belts help reduce the impact force by acting over a longer period of time.
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