During the Industrial Revolution, soot and pollution darkened the bark of trees near cities, but there was considerably less pollution in the countryside. In which location would you expect to see more dark-colored peppered moths?

A. Light and dark-colored moths would be about the same in each location.
B. There would be more dark-colored moths in the country.
C. There would be no dark-colored moths in either location.
D. There would be more dark-colored moths in the city.

The Industrial Revolution caused increased pollution in urban areas, leading to more dark-colored peppered moths, which were better camouflaged against soot-darkened trees. In contrast, light-colored moths thrived in the less polluted countryside. Therefore, the correct answer is that there would be more dark-colored moths in the city.

Explanation:

Understanding the Peppered Moth Population Shift

During the Industrial Revolution, the environment of cities changed significantly due to pollution, which affected local wildlife. In this case, peppered moths were heavily impacted by the coloration of their surroundings. Soot from industrial activity darkened tree bark, making darker-colored moths better camouflaged against predators compared to their lighter counterparts.

This led to a notable shift in the population of peppered moths in urban areas. As dark-colored moths became more prevalent, research showed that by 1895, nearly 98% of observed moths in polluted areas were dark. In contrast, in less polluted rural areas, light-colored moths maintained a greater presence as they were still better camouflaged against the natural environment.

Answering the Question

Given this information, we can conclude that:

Option d: There would be more dark-colored moths in the city is the correct answer.

In a polluted urban environment, dark-colored peppered moths had a distinct survival advantage due to their camouflage, exemplifying natural selection.

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