Answer :
Carlos's argument that internalized homophobia increases the likelihood of lifetime IPV is supported by empirical evidence. Jose's claim that internalized homophobia lowers IPV is not supported by research and may be based on a lack of understanding of the complex factors that contribute to IPV in LGBTQ+ relationships.
Several studies have shown that internalized homophobia can increase the likelihood of lifetime intimate partner violence (IPV).
One study conducted by Stephenson et al. (2013) found that gay and bisexual men who experienced higher levels of internalized homophobia were more likely to report physical and sexual violence in their relationships.
Another study by Kaysen et al. (2014) found that lesbian and bisexual women who reported higher levels of internalized homophobia were at greater risk for IPV perpetration and victimization.
These findings suggest that internalized homophobia can lead to negative self-perceptions, feelings of shame, and difficulties in seeking help and support, all of which can contribute to increased IPV.
In addition, internalized homophobia may also lead to feelings of isolation, which can increase the risk of IPV perpetration and victimization.
Know more about intimate partner violence (IPV) here:
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