Answer :
Final answer:
Caffeine is isolated from tablets using aqueous and organic solvent extraction, followed by recrystallization to obtain a pure substance, which is then dried and characterized.
Explanation:
The isolation of caffeine from ground tablets involves several chemical techniques. First, the tablets are dissolved in an aqueous sodium carbonate solution, where the caffeine becomes soluble. After heating and filtration, the solution is subjected to multiple rounds of liquid-liquid extraction using dichloromethane.
Caffeine preferentially partitions into the organic layer due to its greater solubility. The dichloromethane extracts are then dried with sodium sulfate and the solvent is removed, yielding crude caffeine. This is followed by recrystallization using hot acetone and petroleum ether to obtain pure caffeine. Finally, the pure caffeine is dried and characterized by measuring its mass and melting point.
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