Answer :
The periodic table is divided into several groups as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, halogens and noble gases. The metals is good conductors of electricity, non metals is poor conductors electricity and metalloids have intermediate conductivity and can act as semiconductors.
The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of chemical elements, organized based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. It provides a systematic representation of the elements, allowing us to understand their relationships and trends.
The periodic table is divided into several groups or families, each having its own distinctive properties. Some common groups include:
1. Alkali Metals (Group 1): This group includes elements such as lithium, sodium, and potassium. They are highly reactive metals, usually stored in oil to prevent reactions with air and moisture. They have low melting and boiling points and are excellent conductors of electricity.
2. Alkaline Earth Metals (Group 2): Elements such as beryllium, magnesium, and calcium belong to this group. They are also reactive metals but less reactive than alkali metals. They have higher melting and boiling points compared to alkali metals.
3. Transition Metals (Groups 3-12): Transition metals occupy the center of the periodic table. They include elements such as iron, copper, and gold. These metals have high melting points, good conductivity, and form colored compounds. They exhibit various oxidation states and are often used as catalysts.
4. Halogens (Group 17): This group includes elements such as fluorine, chlorine, and iodine. Halogens are highly reactive nonmetals and exist in various states, from gases to solids. They readily react with metals to form salts and are known for their strong oxidizing properties.
5. Noble Gases (Group 18): Elements such as helium, neon, and argon belong to this group. Noble gases are chemically inert and have low reactivity.
In addition to these groups, there are also metalloids, which are elements that exhibit properties of both metals and nonmetals. Metalloids, including elements like silicon, germanium, and arsenic, have intermediate conductivity and can act as semiconductors.
a) Metals generally have properties like high electrical and thermal conductivity, malleability (ability to be hammered into thin sheets), ductility (ability to be drawn into wires), and a shiny appearance. They tend to form positive ions when they undergo chemical reactions.
b) Nonmetals, on the other hand, are typically poor conductors of heat and electricity. They have a wide range of properties, including being brittle, having low melting and boiling points, and often forming negative ions during chemical reactions.
c) Metalloids exhibit a mixture of metallic and nonmetallic properties. They can conduct electricity to some extent but not as efficiently as metals. Metalloids can also have varying degrees of luster and are typically brittle.
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